One advanatage of hormones as messengers verses electrical signals (neurotransmitters) is
a. hormones can persist much longer than electrical signals
b. hormones cannot spread to all of the tissues via the blood as can electrical signals
c. hormones are broken down quickly and do not persist as long as electrical signals
d. there are a specific group of molecules that can only act as a hormone.

In general, how long does it take to accomplish a long-term goal? a.a few days to a weekb.a few weeks to a monthc.a few months to a yeard. more than a year

What are two reasons for why a species might disappear from the fossil record?

Considering the yellow and green pea color phenotypes studied by gregor mendel: a. what is the biochemical function of the protein that is specified by the gene responsible for the pea color phenotype? (1 point) b. a null allele of a gene is an allele that does not specify (or encode) any of the biochemical function that the gene normally provides (in other words, either no protein at all or only non-functional protein is produced from it). of the two alleles, y and y, which is more likely to be a null allele? (1 point) c. in terms of the underlying biochemistry, why is the y allele dominant to the y allele? (2 points) d. why are peas that are yy homozygotes green? (1 point) e. the amount of protein produced from a gene is roughly proportional to the number of functional copies of the gene carried by a cell or individual. what do the phenotypes of yy homozygotes, yy heterozygotes, and yy homozygotes tell us about the amount of sgr enzyme needed to produce a yellow color? explain your reasoning. (2 points)