For each missing word or phrase, circle the choice that correctly completes the
sentence.
when electrons transfer from one atom to another, both atoms become (ions /
isotopes / molecules / electrons) and they are held together by a(n) (polar /
covalent / molecular / ionic) bond. when electrons are shared between atoms,
a(n) (ionic / covalent / hydrogen / point) bond forms between the atoms, and
the joined atoms become a(n) (element / ionic compound / molecule /
isotope)

you know they are heterozygous for a trait because they have it as jj or jj.

b is the answer and if you need further with anything message me

we solve the problem using the hardy-wineberg equation.

let us start with the homozygous recessive proportion of individuals with sickle cell anaemia,

we have the proportion as q² = 0.25.

∴ q = 0.5 (frequency of hbs in population)

further,

solving for the frequency of normal cell by using the fact that,

p + q = 1

∴ p = 1 - 0.5 = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5

now we can calculate 2pq in p² + 2pq + q², which is the frequency for heterozygous carriers of sickle cell anaemia,

∴ 2pq = 2 x 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.5

and the homozygous normal cell individuals proportion is given by the expression,

∴ p² = 0.5² = 0.25

hence, the carriers for sickle cell anaemia are in proportion, 0.5, or 50%.