Can you describe the structures of proteins and nucleic acids, and then explain the relationship between these two molecules within a cell?

Ok so there are up to 4 structures of a protein

1.(primary) amino acid chain( the amino acids are made up of a carbon with 3 other molecules and an R group(that is the amino acid) and the molecules are COOH, h2n, and a H,) The amino acid chain is a linear sort to speak of a chain. the amino acids(which there are only 20 of) are bonded together by a polypeptide bond

2.(secondary) From here it starts getting into 2 shapes, a beta pleated sheet and a alpha helix sheet(these shapes are held together by hydrogen bonds)

3.(tertiary)  This is where the Protein gets its conformational shape. Each Nucleic acid comes with a marker that is hydrophilic or hydrophobic. now then the hydrophilic r rakers go to the outside and the hydrophobic goes to the inside of the conformational protein. 

NOW FOR MOST ALL OF THE PROTEINS STEP 3 IS THE END BUT SOME NEED MULTIPLE PROTEINS TO FUNCTION PROPERLY

4.(quartinary) 2 or more proteins (2 or more) fit together to make the functional protein, a popular one is hemoglobin which has 4 proteins.

This post might have the info you need:

It is evolution, because we all have some of the same traits like eye color or shape or ears.