The following five questions are related to the following experiment.
in a laboratory, smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. the object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. some of the participants smoke a real cigarette (with nicotine) immediately before climbing into the driver’s seat. others smoke a fake cigarette (without nicotine). you are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. your hypothesis is that nicotine will increase the likelihood of being involved in a collision.
1.) in this study, the independent variable is:
2.) in this study, the dependent variable is:
3.) in this study, the participants who smoke a cigarette without nicotine comprise the group.
4.) in this study, the participants who smoke a real cigarette (with nicotine) comprise the group.
5.) a confounding variable related to this experiment could be: