An elementary student decides to conduct an experiment comparing the effectiveness of two commercial soaps as cleaning agents ("soap 1 and soap 2"), using each in paired tests of different types of stains and colors of cloth, where the only variable is the soap used. the student will use the judgment of classmates to decide if the stains remain equal or if soap 1 cleans better than soap 2. however, the elementary student made no prediction of which soap is expected to perform best.