On a nasa mission that was looking for life on mars, soil samples were taken and measured for the breakdown of nutrients and the production of carbon dioxide gas. which characteristic of life would this test measure?

What is the difference between an igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock

What happens as electrons move along the chain of molecules known as the electron transport chain? they gain energy, which causes atp molecules to lose phosphate groups. they gain energy, which causes h *ions to join with oxygen to produce water. they lose energy, which is then used by the cell to make atp. they lose energy, which is then used to break down atp.

Astudy by solloch and et. al., in 2017, gives the map above which shows the frequency of alleles with a ccr5-delta32 mutations over 87 different countries. this mutation deletes the presence of a co-receptor (ccr5) on the outside of human t-cells (lymphocytes). some viruses, such as the one responsible for the black death and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), require this receptor for attachment to host cells during the infection process. the black death was an epidemic that passed over northern europe during the 14th century killing nearly 60% of europeans. according to this information, which explanation best explains why northern europeans show a greater immunity for hiv than some other parts of the world?