What chemical allows plants and other organisms to perform photosynthesis?
how does this chemical "catch" light from the sun?

b) the inside picture would look at a very high temperature in a very low ph

the last one: artificial selection/genetic engineering

plant breeding is modifying the genetic composition of the plant - but this isn't cloning (which is specifically introducing a gene into a genome). but you are artificially selecting for the phenotype that you want.

the second one is literally genetic engineering - the gene would have been cloned first and then inserted or genetically engineered into the new plant cell (the cotton).

answerthe capacity to preform work;

not sure if this is what you'r looking for prokaryotes have organelles hope this out at least.