Explain how human cells compensate for the x-iinked gene dosage difference in xx and xy nuclei.

Dosage compensation in human includes inactivation of one X chromosome in all the cells of human females.

Explanation:

Human females have two copies of X chromosomes while the human males have only one X chromosome. To balance the X linked genes among human males and females, one of the two X chromosomes in the human females is inactivated randomly during early embryonic development.

The inactivated X chromosome is present in the form of a dark spot of chromatin near the nuclear envelope in each cell of human females. This inactivated X chromosome is called the Barr body.

Inactivation of one X chromosome in human females balances the total number of X linked genes between human males and females.

1. a tropical dry forest carries out more rapid nutrient cycling