(a) what cell structures best reveal evolutionary unity?
(b) provide an example of diversity related to specialized cellular modifications.

The correct answer will be-

1. Evolutionary unity-  DNA

2. specialized cellular modifications- plant cells have chloroplasts and large central vacuole.

Explanation:

Case I

Evolutionary unity is a concept which explains that all the organisms possess some common structure or universal structure or molecules.

The best characterized evolutionary molecule is DNA molecule which took the role of genetic material in past and is passed on to the daughter cells and still is made up of the same components which are a five-carbon sugar, four types of nitrogenous bases and a phosphate group. This DNA molecule is present in almost every organism except for a few viruses.

Case II

The specialization of the cellular components depends on the function a cell has to perform which became established in the population. The plant cells depended on the sunlight to prepare food for themselves which was done by the chloroplast organelle which is absent in the animal kingdom.

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