Describe the three main steps of each cycle of pcr amplification and what reactions occur at each temperature.

The three main steps of PCR amplification are :

Denaturation

Annealing

Elongation

Explanation:

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can best be describes as a procedure to amplify or make copies of DNA fragments.

The basic steps involved for PCR are :

1. Denaturation

In this step, the two complementary strands of DNA are seperated by the usage of heat. The best temperature for this procedure is 95°C.

2. Annealing

After denaturation, each strand of DNA serves as a template foe building a new strand.  During the process of annealing, the temperature is reduced so that the primers can attach to the DNA strands. The optimum for this depends on the nature of the primers but usually the most feasible temperature is 55°C.

3. Elongation

In this step, the DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the primers attached to the templates. The optimum temperature For DNA polymerase to work is 72°C.

ans.

dna fingerprinting is defined as a process that determines the dna characteristics of an individual. these dna characteristics are unique among individuals as their fingerprints, so it is known as dna fingerprinting.

steps of dna fingerprinting includes extraction of dna from sample, amplification of dna, restriction digestion of amplified dna, and then analysis of dna by gel electrophoresis, respectively.

thus, the next step performed by the scientist is 'to cut the amplified dna (obtained by polymerase chain reaction) by restriction enzymes that cleave the dna into fragments and their analysis.'