In what way is eukaryotic transcription more complex than prokaryotic transcription?
a. eukaryotes have three different rna polymerases, whereas prokaryotes only have one rna polymerase
b. eukaryotic transcription initiation is much more complex than prokaryotic initiation because of the various transcription factors involved.
c. upstream elements are required for efficient transcription in eukaryotic cells, but these elements are not usually necessary in prokaryotes.
d. eukaryotic mrna is made in the nucleus.
e. all of the above statements outline ways that eukaryotic transcription is more complex.

a. eukaryotes have three different RNA polymerases, whereas prokaryotes only have one RNA polymerase

Explanation:

The initiation represents the beginning of RNA production. Initially, RNA polymerase (transcription catalyzing enzyme) recognizes in DNA the so-called promoter regions. In prokaryotes, there is only one type of RNA polymerase; In eukaryotes, three RNA polymerases are described, and thus the transcription process in this group is more complex.

In the initiation step, we also observe the opening of the DNA strand, a process known as unfolding. This opening occurs because of the rupture between the connections that arise between the bases.

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.

the median of the data is 4.5.