The winter flounder (pseudopleuronectes americanus) lives in the mid-atlantic ocean and along the new england coast, where frigid water temperatures would normally turn the water inside the flounder's cells into ice. does the flounder produce some type of antifreeze compound that prevents it from freezing solid?
p. americanus produces a small antifreeze protein (afp) that binds to ice crystals as they form. the structure of afp has polar groups on one side and nonpolar groups on the other. propose a hypothesis to explain how afp prevents cells from freezing solid.