The calvin cycle:

produces glucose and water
is the second stage of photosynthesis
does not require light
all of the above if u would wich one would it be

Calvin cycle is the second stage of photosynthesis and does not require light.

Explanation: Photosynthetic reactions are divided into two phases: light dependent reactions and carbon fixation reactions. Light dependent reactions is the first stage of photosynthesis in which sunlight is used to split a molecule of water and the energy generated is conserved in form of ATP and NADPH.

Calvin cycle is the second stage of photosynthesis. It is also called carbon fixation reactions. These reactions do not need light to occur. It occurs in the dark, the ATP and NADPH produced in light dependent reactions are used to drive these reactions. In Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is assimilated through a cyclic pathway to produce triose phosphate which is a precursor for glucose and other related molecules such as starch.

the darker peppered moth species were favored due to the fact that the industrial revolution had made all the nearby trees a darker color instead of white.

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.