The permian period ended, and then rapid speciation occurred as new animal and plant forms evolved. the most likely explanation for this is
i) adaptive radiation
ii) ecological opportunity
iii) lack of competition
iv) morphological innovation

Correct answer is (I)

Explanation:

We are talking about adaptive radiation because from the original populations, in combination with the new environments ,  created at the end of Permian period, new species arose as result of  adaptation to the new conditions in order to colonize again the earth.

i believe the answer is c

igneous rocks which formed by the crystallization of magma at the surface of the earth called extrusive rocks. they are characterized by fine-grained textures because the rapid cooling at or near the surface did not provide enough time for large crystals to grow.