Assume that two genes are 80 map units apart on chromosome ii of drosophila and that a cross is made between a doubly heterozygous female and a homozygous recessive male. what maximum percent recombination would be expected in the offspring of this type of cross

The recombination frequency between two genes exhibits a positive correlation with the distance between them, that is, farther they are, and more will be the chance of recombination. Thus, recombination frequency is used to signify distance among the two genes, for example, 1 percent recombination frequency demonstrates distance of 1 map unit.  

Let us consider that the heterozygous female of genotype AaBb can generate four kinds of gametes, that is, AB, Ab, aB and ab. Of these, the two gametes are the outcomes of recombination, or it can be said that 50 percent are recombinants. Thus, it can be concluded that in case of two linked genes, the maximum probable recombination frequency is 50 percent.  

This shows that any genes, which are distant than 50 map units will function as unlinked and will function as if they were on distinct chromosomes, and the frequency of recombinant frequency will be 50 percent.  

In the given question, it is given that the map distance between the two genes is 80 map units, that is, more than 50 map units. The maximum probable recombinant offspring will be 50 percent of the entire offspring.  

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.