Alon claimed that a tincture of a local herb was effective in lowering anxiety and was planning to invest in the product. as evidence of his claim, alon, who had anxiety over his financial situation, said that he felt much better after the treatment, was much more relaxed, and no longer worried about his finances. what methodological flaws best characterizes alon's investigation?

Not using control cases and testing his hypothesis only on one pacient, himself. Not creating or using a method that allowed him to measure the results.

Explanation:

During the investigation Alon had a few methodological flaws. First of all, he based a hypothesis over only one case, his own. He should have tested the product on different pacients under similar circumstances, the more the merrier. Moreover, it is not recommended that the investigator tests the hypothesis on himself, since he can lose perspective.

Second of all, he did not use control cases. This means he should have given placebo pills (pills with no medical effect at all) to a group of pacients without them knowing. Doing this helps eliminating the psicologycal factor of the equation, since pacients have proven to get better, in some cases, just because they thought the medicine would heal them, and not because of the drug itself.  

Also, he came to a conclusion based on how anxious and worried he felt after the treatment, but expresses the results with words such as "much more". In this case he should have created and/or used a method to measure the change in anxiety and how much the pacient worried. For example, before starting the test he could have rated his anxiety level from 1 to 10, and then, done the same thing during and after the treatment was over. By doing this he creates data that can be numerically processed and makes the human subjectivity factor smaller.

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the dark variety, as they are not visible on the dark tree barks

explanation: