The preferred method of sterilization during drug production is heat. heat sterilization can occur in two forms: moist or dry. autoclaving is the most commonly used application of moist heat for sterilization. which of the following statements about autoclaving is true?

a. when autoclaving solid items, they should be wrapped in foil to maintain sterility

b. autoclaving requires extensive exposure times in order to achieve sterilization

c. autoclaving is preferred over dry heat because it can effectively be used to sterilize a wide variety of items, including liquids, powders, metal instruments and glassware

d. the effectiveness of an autoclave is dependent on an increase in pressure and corresponding increase in temperature.

The dna in a cell’s nucleus encodes proteins that are eventually targeted to every membrane and compartment in the cell, as well as proteins that are targeted for secretion from the cell. for example, consider these two proteins: phosphofructokinase (pfk) is an enzyme that functions in the cytoplasm during glycolysis. insulin, a protein that regulates blood sugar levels, is secreted from specialized pancreatic cells. assume that you can track the cellular locations of these two proteins from the time that translation is complete until the proteins reach their final destinations.for each protein, identify its targeting pathway: the sequence of cellular locations in which the protein is found from when translation is complete until it reaches its final (functional) destination. (note that if an organelle is listed in a pathway, the location implied is inside the organelle, not in the membrane that surrounds the organelle.)

2. given that most biochemical (other than coal) rocks react with hydrochloric acid, what does that tell you about organisms?

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