Which of the following membrane activities require energy from atp hydrolysis?
a) facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel
b) movement of water into a cell
c) na⁺ ions moving out of a mammalian cell bathed in physiological saline
d) movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell
e) movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium