Nthe oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coa, one carbon atom is released as co2. however, the oxidation of the remaining two carbon atoms—in acetate—to co2 requires a complex, eight-step pathway—the citric acid cycle. consider four possible explanations for why the last two carbons in acetate are converted to co2 in a complex cyclic pathway rather than through a simple, linear reaction.

The table shows dates and appearance of index fossils. which rock layers can be dated most precisely? a) a layer containing both a fossil 4 and a fossil 3 b) a layer containing both a fossil 2 and a fossil 3 c) a layer containing both a fossil 1 and a fossil 4 d) a layer containing both a fossil 1 and a fossil 2

Give three examples of plant activities that are affected by circadian rhythms and natural fluctuations in the length of daylight?

Ineed to get this test done which of the following statements is correct in hour our immune system responds to a potential pathogen? a.) the skin will be the first line of defense, and then the many phagocytes in the bloodstream will attempt to consume the possible pathogen. b.) b cells will start reading the antigen code immediately and call t cells to assist in destroying the pathogen. c.) the adapted immune system will call on the innate immune system to destroy the pathogen. d.) the t-cells in the adapted immune systems are the first to recognize the pathogen