Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. however, the fragments will reseal "inside out." these little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from nadh to oxygen and synthesize atp. if the membranes are agitated still further however, the ability to synthesize atp is lost. after the first disruption, when electron transfer and atp synthesize still occur, what must be present? - the atp synthase system is sufficient- the electron transport system is sufficient- all of the electron transport system and the ability to add coa to acetyl groups- plasma membranes like those bacteria use for respiration- all of the electron transport proteins as well as atp synthase

carbon traps heat so more of it makes it hotter causing global warming. during the ice age carbon levels in the atmosphere were low so it got very cold. so the common things between them is carbon levels in the atmosphere.

answer/// wohler;

the answer is: the „power stroke“ step.

muscle contraction can be divided into a few steps:

1. the release of ach (acetylcholine) in the synaptic cleft, binding of ach for its receptor and consequently opening of the ca channels.

2. the release of ca, binding of ca for the troponin

3. troponin shifting the tropomyosin, which was blocking the active site on the actin

4. myosin heads attaching to actin by breaking down atp to adp+ pi

5.   formation of the ‘cross-bridge’ on the active site of the actin filament by myosin head

6. “power stroke” -the cross bridge pulls actin, which slides over the myosin

9.     7. the release of adp completes the cross-bridge movement and atp attaches to myosin, breaking the actin-myosin cross bridge.