how do you use the periodic table to recall the lonic charge of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or aluminum?

So, group 1 elements (alkali metals) have 1 valence electron; gropup 2 elements (alkaline earth metal) have 2 valence electrons; and group 13 elements (to which aluminum belongs) have 3 valence electrons. The ionic charge of these metals equals the last digit of the group number.

answer : haversian

[explanation: -(compact bone is organized as parallel columns, known as haversian systems, which run lengthwise down the axis of long bones. these columns are composed of lamellae, concentric rings of bone, surrounding a central channel, or haversian canal, that contains the nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic system of the bone)]