4) compare and contrast passive transport (including osmosis and facilitated transport) with active transport such as endocytosis and exocytosis
active transport such as endocytosis and exocytosis.

Active transport occur in the uphill direction where passive transport occur in the downhill direction this is the principle comparison between passive transport and active transport.

Explanation:

Passive transport involves simple transport mechanism such as diffusion,osmosis and facilitated diffusion that help in the transport of molecule across the membrane from high concentration region to the region of low concentration untill equilibrium is reached. No additional energy is required to carry out passive transport. oxygen, carbon dioxide,water, glucose molecule are transported by passive transport mechanism.

Active Transport involves various ion channels which helps in the movement of molecules from low concentration region to the high concentration region .Additional energy in form of ATP is required to stimulate the active transport. Various ions such as Na+,K+, Ca2+, amino acids are transported by active transport.

photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make atp. the glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. while water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.

radon is correct hope this