Sickle cell anemia is a life-threatening disorder caused by a genetic mutation that alters a single amino acid in the beta-globin protein. due to this mutation, a hydrophilic glutamic acid residue normally present on the outer surface of the protein is replaced by valine, a hydrophobic amino acid. this mutation does not substantially alter the tertiary structure of hemoglobin. which of the following is a consequence of this mutation?

1.the mutation causes hemoglobin molecules to stick together due to the hydrophobic effect.
2. the mutation prevents the post-translational modification and activation of hemoglobin.
3. the mutation alters the folding of the hydrophobic core of hemoglobin.