Why might the procyclical behavior of interest rates (rising during business cycle expansions and falling during recessions) lead to procyclical movements in the money supply? (assume the fed does not change the discount rate.) a. the excess reserves ratio e falls with rising interest rates and the money supply rises when e falls. b. the excess reserves ratio e rises with rising interest rates and the money supply rises when e rises. c. discount loan borrowing is positively related to interest rates and the money supply is positively related to the level of discount loans from the fed. d. discount loan borrowing is negatively related to interest rates and the money supply is negatively related to the level of discount loans from the fed. e. both a & c are correct. f. both b & d are correct.

Sea levels are rising due to climate change while increasing numbers of people are moving into coastal areas. to accommodate more people, there has been increased construction of beachfront resorts and condominiums. how is this impacting sea turtle numbers and biodiversity and why? a. the increased human population in coastal areas has meant that more food is available to the turtles (e.g., dropped food, waste from restaurants), which has led to an increase in the numbers and diversity of sea turtles. b. there has been very little change in the numbers and biodiversity of sea turtles because the planet is so vast that they can simply relocate to less crowded beaches. c. this has resulted in a decrease in numbers and diversity of sea turtles because it is restricting available nesting sites, and hence reproduction. d. this has resulted in an increase in numbers and diversity of sea turtles because people are around to protect them from natural predators.

2. which of the following statements does not accurately describe stem cells? a. embryonic stem cells make up the inner cell mass of a blastocyst. b. with more research, stem cells may be used to repair or replace damaged cells. c. the use of stem cells is without any objections since it can be used in therapies to humans. d. adult stem cells are multipotent and can differentiate into many types of cells.

As the earth formed, the force of gravity increased due to increased mass. what effect did this increased gravity have on the forming planet?