What kinds of mutations can not be induced by chemicals?

a. frameshifts
b. transitions
c. transversions
d. all of the above can be induced by chemicals
e. none of the above can be induced by chemicals

what is the result of resolving a holliday junction region with two east-west (ew) cuts?

a. crossing over between homologous chromosomes.

b. no crossing over, but a region of gene conversion.

c. crossing over between one pair of homologous chromosomes, and gene conversion between the other pair.

d. 2 recombinant chromosomes with a region of gene conversion.

e. you cannot resolve a holliday junction with cuts in opposite directions.