why does the oxygen atom in a water molecule have a negative charge?
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a. water is made of two ionic bonds.
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b. oxygen attracts electrons more strongly than hydrogen does.
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c. water is a nonpolar molecule.
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d. hydrogen bonding pulls electrons toward oxygen.

The answer is B.

Explanation:

A is incorrect because water is a molecule with covalent bonds.

C is incorrect because water is very much polar, since Oxygen has a relatively higher electronegativity than Hydrogen (so the difference of their electronegativities would be greater than 0.3 and less than 1.7).

D is incorrect because the bonds between elements in the water molecules is  not hydrogen bonding since water is a molecule in its own right, with strong bonds.

ocean expansion, global warming is melting icebergs and causing water levels to rise.

clumped distribution, because you'de have all of the population gathered in a relatively small are.

it's the most common because it provides protection and a mate for reproduction

example: humans, seeweed, cattles, etc.