Chloroplast membrane vesicles are equilibrated in a simple solution of ph 5‎ . the solution is then adjusted to ph 8‎ . which of the following conclusions can be drawn from these experimental conditions?
- atp will not be produced because there is no adp and inorganic phosphate in the solution.
- atp will be produced because the proton gradient favors proton movement through the atp synthase channels.
- protons will not diffuse toward the outside of the vesicles.
- the change in the solution's ph results in a gradient across the chloroplast membranes such that there is a lower concentration of protons inside the vesicles and a higher concentration outside.

ATP will not be produced because there is no ADP and inorganic phosphate in the solution.

Explanation:

The thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts have ATP synthase embedded which in turn drives the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP. The process is driven by electrochemical gradient generated across the membrane by pumping the protons from stroma to thylakoid space during electron transfer. Therefore, the process of ATP synthesis in chloroplasts requires ATP synthase, ADP, inorganic phosphate and electrochemical gradient.

In the solution, the substrates ADP and inorganic phosphate are not added. In the absence of ADP and Pi, ATP synthase cannot drive photophosphorylation.

false because ozone (o3) depletion does not cause global warming, but both of these environmental problems have a common cause: human activities that release pollutants into the atmosphere altering it.

global warming is caused primarily by putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when coal, oil, and natural gas are burned to generate electricity or to run our cars.

explanation: