Oriole company has 14000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, non-cumulative preferred stock and 56000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at december 31, 2017. there were no dividends declared in 2016. the board of directors declares and pays a $168000 dividend in 2017. what is the amount of dividends received by the common stockholders in 2017?

it is either c or d and i know for sure it is not a or b

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.