Why is the net production of atp from palmitate 106 atp and not 108 atp?
a. because conversion of palmitate to palmitoyl-coa consumes the equivalent of 2 atp
b. because the overall reaction for conversion of palmitoyl-coa to has 106 atp on the products side of the reaction
c. because each nadh produces about 2.5 atp, and each fadh2 produces about 1.5 atp
d. because 2 atp are lost due to the production of by β oxidation inside a mitochondrion

Indicate whether the following statements about the biases in the fossil record are true or false. a) inland species are more likely to be preserved than marine species b) organisms with hard body parts are more likely to be preserved than are those composed soft tissues. c) species that existed over a larger area are more likely to be preserved than species existing over a smaller area. d) organisms that lived very long ago are more likely to be found as fossils than organisms that lived relatively recently e) the fossils of larger organisms are more likely to be found than the fossils of smaller organisms

An easy way to calculate the amount of energy available at each level is to what?

9. the history of life on earth is recorded in