What is a proto-oncogene? what are the typical functions of proteins encoded by proto-oncogenes? at the level of protein function, what are the general ways that proto-oncogenes can be converted to oncogenes?

Proto-oncogenes may be defined as the normal genes that codes for the growth factors and other proteins in the body. The typical function that are performed by proto oncogenes is the formation of the proteins that regulates the growth and proper functioning of the cell cycle.

Some protooncogenes also code for the factors that are involved in the normal process of apoptosis. The mutation in the proto oncogenes results in the formation of oncogenes that leads to cancer. The gain of function mutation in proto ocogene results in the formation of oncogenes.

g1

choices:

a. g2. b. g1. c. m

cell division has two checkpoints namely, g1

checkpoint and spindle assembly checkpoint. the checkpoint which determines if

division has properly occurred is the g1 checkpoint. at this point, is a damage

in the dna is detected or  the has not reach the optimum size, the cell is

stopped in g1 and is not allowed to proceed to further process.

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