Select all that apply smaller groupings within a species are called varieties/ races / breeds/ mongrels

The correct answers would be varieties, races, and breeds.

In binomial nomenclature, variety refers to the taxonomic rank present below the species and subspecies. It is mainly used in the nomenclature of plants.

In a taxonomic hierarchy, race refers to the informal rank below subspecies. The race includes a genetically distinct group of organisms within the same species.

Breeds refer to the different varieties of same species. These organisms similar to appearance, behavior, and other characteristics. It is mainly used for domesticated animals. For example, Rottweiler and German Shepherd are two different breeds of dog.

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.