Darwin’s theory of natural selection is often referred to as survival of the fittest. which statement most accurately reflects "fitness" according to darwin’s natural selection? explain how you got your answer.

a. fitness is the measure of an individual organism's adaptability to various habitats in an environment.

b. fitness reflects the ability of an organism to run faster and hide better or to hunt and kill more efficiently.

c. fitness refers to the relative health of each individual in the population so they could survive diseases.

d. fitness is an individual organism’s reproductive success in surviving and producing viable offspring.

Penicillin is hydrolyzed and thereby rendered inactive by penicillinase (also known as β-lactamase), an enzyme present in some resistant bacteria. the mass of this enzyme in staphylococcus aureus is 29.6 kd. the amount of penicillin hydrolyzed in 1 minute in a 10-ml solution containing 10-9 g of purified penicillinase was measured as a function of the concentration of penicillin. assume that the concentration of penicillin does not change appreciably during the assay. penicillin(μm) amount hydrolyzed(nmol) 1 0.11 3 0.25 5 0.34 10 0.45 30 0.58 50 0.61 (a) plot v0 versus [s] and 1/v0 versus 1/[s] for these data. does penicillinase appear to obey michaelis-menten kinetics? if so, what is the value of km? (b) what is the value of vmax? (c) what is the turnover number of penicillinase under these experimental conditions? assume one active site per enzyme molecule.