Apromoter sequence is likely to be (check all that apply):
a. located within a few dozens nucleotides of the gene it controls
b. orientation dependent
c. orientation independent
d. located downstream of the gene it controls
e. located upstream of the gene it controls
f. located either nearby or at great distance from the gene it controls

Option E.

Promoter sequence is located upstream of gene it controls.

Explanation:

Promoter sequence is a sequence of DNA that shows where transcription of a gene by RNA(ribonucleic acid) polymerase starts. It is located at the upstream of the gene or transcription start site of the gene it controls. It controls the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA(deoxy ribonucleic acid)

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!