At one time, chondrichthyes were thought to have split off from other vertebrates before the evolution of bone. now we have concluded that the chondrichthyes split off after the evolution of bone had started. this change demonstrate

Chondrichthyes Class of vertebrate animals characterized by a cartilaginous endoskeleton, a skin covered by placoid scales, the structure of their fin rays, and the absence of a bony operculum, lungs, and swim bladder. It includes the subclasses Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays) and Holocephali (ghostfish).

Explanation:

due to the fact that it skipped a generation we can tell it is definitely not a dominant trait, therefore it must be recessive. i think this is right let me know!

explanation:

answer:

the water molecules are transferred from the roots to the stem or top parts of the tall tree because of important properties of water which are adhesion, cohesion and capillary action. cohesion is the property of water molecules keeps water molecules in a combined state by sharing of bonds between them at the atomic level. adhesion allows the interaction of water molecules with other substances or substrate. adhesion will cause the attachment of water molecules to the wall of the vessel (xylem) of the plant. capillary action occurs when the adhesive force to the vessel wall is stronger than the cohesive force between water molecules. capillary action mimics the transfer of water from a tube or pipe. in this way water utilizes its property to transfer water from down to top level of the plant.