In the year 2500, five male space colonists and five female space colonists (all unrelated to each other) settle on an uninhabited earthlike planet in the andromeda galaxy. the colonists and their offspring randomly mate for generations. all ten of the original colonists had free earlobes, and two were heterozygous for that trait. the allele for free earlobes is dominant to the allele for attached earlobes. 67) which of these is closest to the allele frequency in the founding population?

a) 0.1 a, 0.9 a
b) 0.2 a, 0.8 a
c) 0.5 a, 0.5 a
d) 0.8 a, 0.2 a
e) 0.4 a, 0.6 a

A) 0.1 a, 0.9 A

Explanation:

According to the given information, all the individuals in the founder population had free earlobes. Since the allele for the free earlobes (A) is dominant over the one for the attached earlobes (a), the genotype of each of the homozygous dominant founder individual would be "AA". Humans are diploid and one individual has two alleles for each gene in its genome. Total number of alleles for the earlobe in the founder population = 10 x 2 = 20.

Frequency of dominant allele, A in the founder population = total number of homozygous dominant individuals x 2 + the total number of heterozygous genotype / total alleles for the earlobe in the population. There were 8 homozygous dominant and 2 heterozygous dominant individuals in the population.  

So, frequency of dominant allele = 8 x 2 + 2 / 20 = 16 + 2 / 20 = 18/20 = 0.9

Since p+q=1; frequency of recessive allele "a" = 1-p = 1-0.9 = 0.1

phaneritic textures in which phaner means visible so phaneritic textures are standard of impertinent volcanic rocks. these rocks crystallized gradually under the surface of earth. when the magma cools deliberately then the ores have chance to develop and produce long crystals.

essentially, one bacterial cell splits into two daugurer cells. bacterial offspring don't need or get care from their parents because they are in a sense their own parents. that said, some bacteria can and do depend on other bacteria especially in harsh environments such as bacterial microfilms in hot water tanks.