Antitoxins: a. contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules. b. are always genetically engineered. c. contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses. d. confer passive immunity. e. utilize dna strands that will produce the antigen.

The correct option is d. confer passive immunity.

Explanation:

An antitoxin is an antibody formed in an organism in response to the presence of a bacterial toxin inside, which it can neutralize. We speak of passive immunity, when it is obtained by the passage of antibodies (antitoxins) to the individual in a natural or artificial way, having as main feature that it is short-lived, since they remains only until the transferred antibodies or lymphocytes disappear.

for a different answer set the answer would be because the oxygen in the water had depleted (apex)

essentially, one bacterial cell splits into two daugurer cells. bacterial offspring don't need or get care from their parents because they are in a sense their own parents. that said, some bacteria can and do depend on other bacteria especially in harsh environments such as bacterial microfilms in hot water tanks.