In exercising muscle, glycogen degradation supplies the muscle with glucose‑6‑phosphate. in order to stimulate muscle glycogen degradation, protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) must be inhibited. four of the five events are involved in the inactivation of pp1 in exercising muscle. which event is not involved?

a. epinephrine initiates a signal transduction cascade that utilizes protein kinase a.

b. phosphorylated pp1 inhibitor binds to pp1, facilitating glycogen degradation by phosphorylase a.

c. protein kinase a phosphorylates gm in the gm-pp1 complex, resulting in its dissociation.

d. insulin initiates a protein kinase cascade that utilizes glycogen synthase kinase.

e. protein kinase a phosphorylates an inhibitor of pp1.

Astudent conducts an experiment to determine how the amount of water given to a plant affects it growth what is the dependent variable for this experiment

Read the following scenario to answer the following question. in some zoos, rare crosses between a male lion and a female tiger have produced hybrid offspring called "ligers." male ligers are sterile but some female ligers are fertile. in the wild, lion and tiger ranges do not naturally overlap, making such a cross unlikely. furthermore, the solitary behavior of tigers and the social organizations of lions create behavioral differences. applying the biological species concept, the sterility of ligers reveals that a. lions are probably a subspecies of tigers b. tigers and lions are the same species c. a new species called "ligers" is forming d. tigers and lions are separate species

Read the following scenario to answer the following question. over the past 60 years, many amphibian species have experienced significant population declines, and some species have become extinct. scientists suspected that local human activities such as the destruction of wetlands, regional pollution, and deforestation were the main reasons for these losses. however, research over the past 20 years reveals significant amphibian population declines in protected areas of the world, such as nature preserves and parks. these global declines suggest widespread problems including increased ultraviolet radiation, acid rain, and disease. in switzerland, for example, 14 of the 20 native amphibian species are threatened with extinction. when most populations of a wide-ranging amphibian species are lost and the few remaining populations are widely separated, we expect to see that a. the founder effect becomes increasingly important b. microevolution no longer occurs c. gene flow between populations is reduced d. artificial selection becomes a greater factor in microevolution