Cycads are gymnosperms that were diverse and abundant during the mesozoic era. extant species of cycads share many traits with those from the mesozoic era. cycads bear cones, are long-lived with slow growth rates, show late reproductive maturity, and have very few offspring. based on this description, the cycads

k-strategist with a type 1 survivorship curve.

Explanation:

The species can show two type of strategy known as r - strategy and k strategy depending upon the type of their reproduction, offspring production and social interaction. The survivorship curves explain the survivor percentage of the organism.

The cycads are k strategist species because they have low offspring and protects their seeds from the external environment. They show type I survivorship curve because they have slow growth and live long in their life and shows death at the later stages of life.

Thus, the answer is k-strategist with a type 1 survivorship curve.

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.