How do plants, fungi, and bacteria avoid the damaging effects of a hypotonic environment?

The plants, fungi and bacteria has a rigid covering which prevents the entrance of water inside the plants.

The covering is made of cellulose which is a polymer that is like a wax coat on the plants which does not allows the water to move from outside to the inside of the plants.

The water is transported by the vascular tissues only in the adequate amount which is not in excess amount.

the answer to your question is:

c. complementary base-pairing

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