What factors lead to either dominant or recessive traits appearing in offsprings

Alleles

Explanation:

In diploid organism, genes occur in pairs on chromosomes and such pairs are referred to as allelic pairs. An allele is an alternative form of the same gene that controls the development of a pair of contrasting traits.

parasites can detrimentally affect their host, but also must not allow their host to die before they can complete their life cycle. some parasites have complex life cycles with many different hosts, and have had to find ways of persisting in many different environments during the change from one host to another. ectoparasites live outside the body of the host, and can more easily  disperse, but are  more exposed to predators, parasites, parasitoids. endoparasites live inside the body of the host, and are therefore protected from the outside environment. but they can be  attacked by the host's immune system. they have therefore developed  mechanisms for dispersal such as  complex life cycles.

it marks things for degradation via the proteasome. it alters there celluar location.