Explain why a glycine residue at position 12 of the g protein ras is only active in the presence of growth factors but ras with an aspartate residue at the same position is oncogenic (can cause cancer).

Explanation:

At position 12 of G protein Ras there is a normal amino acid attached to it called Glycine. Which make Ras protein a highly controlled protein. However, there is another amino acid called aspartate at 12 position which make Ras vulnerable by the formation of weak GTPase enzyme activity and GTP binding. Which prevent Ras from turning off. This the reason why aspartate in oncogenic. Furthermore, weak binding of GTP has influence because its binding can not be hydrolyzed.

Reference Research Paper

Morris, K. M., Henderson, R., Suresh Kumar, T. K., Heyes, C. D., & Adams, P. D. (2016). Intrinsic GTP hydrolysis is observed for a switch 1 variant of Cdc42 in the presence of a specific GTPase inhibitor. Small GTPases, 7(1), 1-11.

only about ten percent of the energy at one trophic level is passed on to organisms at the next trophic level. the remainder of the energy is used in life processes or lost as heat.

explanation:

the sun shines white and black light to our planet. the white light has all the colors in it. in our upper atmosphere, we have dust particles and oxygen molecules. the white light meaning all of the colors in a rainbow shines through the upper levels of the atmopshere and the blue light scatters across the entire planet. that is why our sky is blue.