Which one of the statements explains a characteristic of both all living organisms and all nonliving material?
a. the capacity to evolve
b. the ability to reproduce
c. complexity, with spatial organization of several levels
d. the ability to change in response to the environment
e. subject to the basic laws of chemistry and physics

The correct answer is - option E.

Explanation:

Living organisms and non living materials both are made up of atoms and these atoms are bind together by specific kinds of the bonds such as hydrogen bond, covalent bond and many more that help in determining their shape and structure and determined their physical characteristics.

These organism follow laws of chemistry and physics such as the law of the thermodynamics, law of gravitational force, homeostasis and various kind of forces and interaction.

Thus, the correct answer is - option E.