In which of the following circumstances may animal work begin before receipt of iacuc approval?

a. it is a continuing study awaiting three year renewal and for which the renewal protocol has been submitted to the iacuc.
b. it is a small pilot study on non-awar species.
c. it is a teaching activity that uses students' personally owned dogs and cats.
d. there are no circumstances in which animal work may begin before iacuc approval.

the correct option is D (There are no circumstances in which animal work may begin before IACUC approval)

Explanation:

The IACUC known as Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees is a local working group that research facilities must appoint in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act , Policy on Human Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. It was introduced to research system by the U.S. government in 1986. The policy protects all warm-blooded animals except rats, mice, and birds bred for research. For an institution to use a specie that is covered by the policy, it must obtain their approval before work begins. I hope this helps. Thanks.

the answer to your question is sperm

more words for this could be abiotic and biotic

abiotic: living organisms within an ecosystem

biotic: non-living organisms within an ecosystem