The pedigree chart below shows the individuals in a family who exhibit a certain trait. based on the information in the chart, what conclusions can be drawn? a diagram of a pedigree chart. at the top of the chart are two individuals: one indicated by a green circle and one by a green square. at the next level down, the green circle is paired with a black square and the green square is paired with a black circle. from the green circle/black square pairing, there are three offspring: a green circle, a green square, and a black square. from the green square/black circle pairing, there are eight offspring: three black circles and four black squares. two of the black squares are identical twins. one of the black circles is paired with another black square. this pairing produced one green circle.
it is a codominant trait.
it is a dominant trait.
individual 10 is homozygous for the trait.
individual 10 is heterozygous for the trait.

Over the past 60 years, many amphibian species have experienced significant population declines and some species have become extinct. scientists suspected that local human activities such as the destruction of wetlands, regional pollution, and deforestation were the main reasons for these losses. however, research over the past 20 years reveals significant amphibian population declines in protected areas of the world, such as nature preserves and parks. these global declines suggest widespread problems including increased ultraviolet radiation, acid rain, and disease. in switzerland, for example, 14 of the 20 native amphibian species are threatened with extinction. chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease first identified in 1998 as a cause of massive amphibian deaths. in some severely impacted populations, a few individuals have survived, perhaps because of some natural resistance. if these resistant individuals continue to survive and prosper, new resistant populations might emerge. this would be an example of the founder effect artificial selection genetic drift natural selection sexual selection

Restriction enzymes are used in making recombinant dna. describe the role restriction enzymes perform when constructing recombinant dna.

Jason adds the antibiotic penicillin to a bacterial culture. the bacteria develop genetic modifications in their genome, which gives them resistance to the antibiotic penicillin. what caused this genetic modification?