(4) explain the relationship between a hypothesis and a theory.
then give an example of something that would cause a hypothesis or a theory to be revised or discarded.

(5) experiments that lead to new discoveries are peer-reviewed by other scientists. peer review
determine two things. name one of them.

The answers are:

4. A theory is a tested, proven and substantiated hypothesis.

5. Peer review establishes the credibility of a scientific publication.

Explanation:

(4)

Hypothesis:

A hypothesis is a suggested explanation of a particular observation. It can also be defined as a potential explanation of an observable cause-effect relation. Generally, a hypothesis applies as "if-then" logic. This means that a scientist makes a prediction that changing a certain variable (independent variable) will consequently effect a response or dependent variable.

Theory:

A hypothesis that has been tried, tested and substantiated to be the explanation of a particular scientific phenomena is termed a theory. A theory, by definition is concise, coherent and widely applicable i.e. it can be applied to explain diverse phenomena.

Hypothesis and theory can both be refuted. A theory or hypothesis can be disproved by repeated experimentation that would eventually conclude whether the cause-effect relation (hypothesis) exists between the variables.

An example of a theory being discarded is the experiment that disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation by proving that broth in a closed flask cannot generate life. But, meat broth in an open flask cultivates life because bacteria enter the flask through the air.

Peer Review:

Peer review is the process of review or evaluation of scientific and academic publication by a board of experts on the specific field. Peer review helps is maintaining the standard, credibility and quality of the academic or scientific work.

there are mainly three domains in biological classification namely; archaea, bacteria, and eukarya.

archaea includes all the prokaryotic cells which are characterized by their lipid membranes. they have branched hydrocarbon which is attached to glycerol through an ether linkage.

bacteria includes all the prokaryotic cells, the cell membrane of which are made up of the unbranched fatty acid chain. in addition, they are attached to glycerol through an ester bond.

eukarya includes all the eukaryotic cells, that is, the cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound cell organelles.

they can be autotrophic as well as heterotrophic, unicellular as well as multicellular

they include kingdoms like protista, plantae, animalia, fungi et cetera.

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explanation: