Scientists were monitoring the biochemical properties of a proton transporter by comparing the ph inside & outside the cell in the presence or absence of atp. they noticed that the ph of the solution outside of the cell went down when atp was added. explain (a) whether the transporter used active or passive transport, (b) the direction of movement of the proton (h+), and (c) whether the reaction was endergonic or exergonic

Explanation:

a; The transporter used Active transport. This is an endegonic process that requires the use of ATPs as sources of energy,. and abundant oxygen to transport ions from region of lower concentration gradient to region of high concentration gradient , that is against their individual  concentration gradient.  It is a transport mechanism that is inhibited by  hypoxia, cyanide, mercury compounds.

Therefore if the pH of the outside is lowered (more acidity),when ATP was introduced, then  protons must have been pumped outwards from the  internal cell layers, that is more protons are  now outside than inside of the cells. Thus the outside should  have higher concentration gradient  than inside.

Consequently, protons are pumped ,against their concentration gradients, by active transports, and the fact that this occurred when ATPs was introduced  showed that active transporter  is the answer because  energy is needed  for it  operates.

b. pH decreases with increase in acidity of a medium. The drop in the extracellular pH showed  that the active  transporter  pumps protons from inwards to outward solution  of the cells environments.

c. Endergonic because it involved use or consumption  of energy as ATP as described above; an not  the  release.

the water is warmed up by the sun and then it evaporates into the atmosphere. the sunlight warms the water by its heat. water is then cooled down and condensation takes place. the water then finally returns back to the earth by the process of precipitation in the form of rain or ice.

explanation: