Describe the different types of dna mutations: a. point mutation b. base substitution c. frameshift d. triplet repeat

In point mutation, alteration affects only one single nucleotide.

In base substitution mutation, one single nucleotide is swapped with another nucleotide

In frameshift mutation, the addition or deletion of one or more base pairs could lead to shift in the arrangement

In triplet repeat mutation, a base pair repeats until it reaches threshold limit

Explanation:

In point mutation, alteration affects only one single nucleotide. This alteration could be insertion, deletion or substitution of only one single nucleotide.  

In base substitution mutation, one single nucleotide is swapped with another nucleotide during the replication process of DNA.  

In frameshift mutation, the addition or deletion of one or more base pairs could lead to shift in the arrangement of triple nucleotide bases.  

For instance if the base pair is

AAT  GCC  CGA TCT

If insertion occurs at second base pair, then the frame will shift as below

AAT  GAC  CCG ATC  T….

In triplet repeat mutation, a base pair repeats until it reaches threshold limit and then becomes unstable

1. loamy sand is about 80% sand with 10% clay and defined mostly by sand particles with some clay to provide structure and fertility. the sand particles are easily visible and the soil holds structure but breaks apart easily.

2. scott sand can improve his soil quality by incorporating more silt and organic matter into the soil. peat moss and organic matter can also be incorporated.

blue stars have the highest surface temp

stellar distances are usually expressed in light-years

the measure of a star's brightness is called magnitude

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