The Calvin cycle is a series of chemical reactions that takes place in chloroplasts of cells of photosynthetic organisms. The Calvin
cycle is driven by chemical energy that is produced in the light reactions of photosynthesis. What occurs during the Calvin cycle?
A.
complex carbohydrates are broken down to produce energy
B. simple sugars are formed from carbon dioxide
C. complex carbohydrates are broken down to form simple sugars
D. simple sugars are formed from oxygen

During the Calvin cycle, which occurs in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms, simple sugars are formed from carbon dioxide (option B).

Explanation:

The Calvin cycle is part of the process of photosynthesis - although is often called the light-independent process - being a mechanism of incorporation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to become organic matter by plants and other organisms endowed with chloroplasts.

The plant cell takes the CO₂ from the environment and incorporates it into the chloroplast where -in presence of NADPH and energy (ATP)- 6 molecules of CO₂ become 1 molecule of glucose, a process mediated by the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase (RuBisCO).

In this way, the photosynthetic organism is capable of transforming inorganic molecules, such as CO₂, into organic matter, as a simple sugar.

Learn more:

Calvin cycle link

question#1

ans:

cell is the basic unit of organization of all living things. cells are often called the building block of life and it is the smallest unit of life. the study of cell is called cell biology. cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within membrane, which contain bio-molecules such as proteins and nucleic acid.

two third of cell is water, which means that two-third of your whole body is water. the rest is the mixture of molecules, mainly proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.

question#2

ans:

organ:

an organ is a group of tissues specialized to form a functional unit. an example is the heart in animals.

organ system:

an organ system is a group of several organs whose functions are synchronized to release an effective action in a living organism. an example is digestive system.

question#3

different systems perform different function at tissue level. for example, the respiratory system facilitates breathing. in the alveoli tissue of the lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules between the air and the bloodstream occurs by passive transport, so that oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide and water are removed. different systems of the body carry out different functions. for example, your digestive system is responsible for taking in and processing food, while your respiratory system working with your circulatory system is responsible for taking up oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide.

question#4

different systems perform different function at tissue level. for example, the respiratory system facilitates breathing. in the alveoli tissue of the lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules between the air and the bloodstream occurs by passive transport, so that oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide and water are removed. different systems of the body carry out different functions. for example, your digestive system is responsible for taking in and processing food, while your respiratory system—working with your circulatory system is responsible for taking up oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide.

question#5

our body works because of the interactions that happen between organs and organ systems.  

for example:  

the heart to regulate blood flow throughout the body. the blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries carbon dioxide and waste away from the cells. body systems work together in maintaining a constant internal environment. when this balance is disrupted, the body systems may not function properly, and human health can suffer.   you start to feel bad.