The black-bellied seedcracker is a species of bird found in central Africa. They live in various habitats where individuals eat either hard, large seeds or small, soft seeds. Individuals with thick, shorter beaks can eat the harder seeds. Individuals with thin, longer beaks can eat softer seeds. Individuals with beaks of intermediate thickness and length cannot really eat either type of seed very well. If you measured beak width and length in populations of black-bellied seedcrackers, what type of selection would you expect to find?

a. directional selection
b. disruptive selection
c. natural selection
d. stabilizing selection

cellular respiration oxidizes food into energy in the form of atps.

glycolysis (6 c hexose) > 2x atps are used > 6c hexose biphosphate > 2 x 3c triphosphate >

2 x 3c pyruvate (2x nadh produced from nad) and (4x atp produced)

pyruvate actively pumped mitochondrial matrix.

answer:

convection currents in the magma drive plate tectonics. heat generated from the radioactive decay of elements deep in the interior of the earth creates magma (molten rock) in the aesthenosphere. the aesthenosphere (70 ~ 250 km) is part of the mantle, the middle sphere of the earth that extends to 2900 km.

bradykinin is a physiologically and pharmacologically active peptide of the kinin group of proteins, consisting of nine amino acids.