A potential difference exists between the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane of a cell. The inner surface is negative relative to the outer surface. If 1.15 x 10-20 J of work is required to eject a positive sodium ion (Na ) from the interior of the cell, what is the magnitude of the potential difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the cell?

0.718* 10^-1 V volt is the potential difference required.

Explanation:

From the formula, W (input) =q( charge on the ion) *Potential difference

Work input in the form of energy is given = 1.15X10^-20 J

since Na^+ is positively charged with +1 so charge on it will be

1.6X10^-19 C

so,

Potential difference= work input/charge on the sodium ion

                                  =   1.15*10^-20 / 1.6*10^-19

                                    =  0.718* 10^-1 V

  Potential difference required between the inner and outer surfaces of the cell is 0.718 *10^-1

regulation of gene expression. gene expression can be regulated by various cellular processes with the aim to control the amount and nature of the expressed genes. these regulatory proteins bind to dna and send signals that indirectly control the rate of gene expression

explanation:

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